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station this is houston are you ready

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houston station and ready for the event

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erasmus center this is mission control

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houston please call station for voice

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station this is issa moderator melanie

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good afternoon melanie i read you loud

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well good afternoon luca you are now

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connected with israel germany and italy

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could you please give them a short

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summary of your mission and atv and then

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well

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welcome on board the

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international space station this is the

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model columbus my name is luca parmitano

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and i'm really glad to have the

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opportunity to have uh

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this wonderful public

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uh today here onboard the space station

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it's an honor

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one thing about my mission is that

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he shares with with all the other

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missions that three main purposes of of

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our space flight which is

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it's science it's technology and

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exploration and very quickly i can give

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you a couple examples of how we

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accomplished that those two three uh

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important elements of of our research

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for science well you can tell that right

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now on my forehead

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i have a sensor that's uh that's been

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reading my temperature for the past 36

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hours and it will go on for another

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another 24 hours and what we're doing

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with this uh experiment one of

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150 experiments that are going on right

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now in the space station uh it's called

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the circadian rhythms and we're trying

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to figure out how living on a space

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station influences our circadian rhythms

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uh again this this is a european

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experiment and it's one of about 20

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european experiments right now on board

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and these 20 are part of about 150

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that on any on average every increment

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belong to the come up on the space

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station for technology well we do

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technology every day just living here on

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the space station

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we develop new technology that can be

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used on the ground new softwares even

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coming up on a soyuz uh uses new

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technology every single time in order to

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improve uh uh

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to improve that the quality of the of

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the flight and the capabilities and also

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reduce the risks and for exploration

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uh i think that this is this is

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sometimes hard to comprehend what we do

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here on the space station is exploration

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but

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if you think that

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our steps today are paving the way to to

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the exploration of the future and this

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is a very important time for our future

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exploration for space exploration

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because what we do today will open the

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doors to uh to be able to go to other

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worlds on a different day in the future

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now part of this exploration is also uh

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is also thanks to

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the fact that we have constant resupply

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from from earth

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and i like to say that the flagship of

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the fleet

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of the cargo ship that come from earth

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to the space station

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is atv

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and the reason why i say it's the

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flagship it's because

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we have uh we have three

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agencies that provide cargos one is uh

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uh

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progress and then we have we have two

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commercial uh spacecraft i recently

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captured the second one the first one is

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dragon the second one is cygnus but atv

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is bigger than any of them and it has

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one special characteristic that it docks

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completely automatic

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and it really

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reduces the amount of work and

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preparation needed by

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by the human

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interface which is which is good when

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you think that two and a half years

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are spent for training to come on the

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space station and uh really capturing

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atv assisting the capture atv is very

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very simple so it carries

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atv carries fuel food uh supplies

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experiments air water really anything

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you can come up with can be put in atv

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so it's really a fantastic machine and i

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was very

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privileged and very happy to have it on

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and uh

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now that i've shown you uh that i really

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am in space by letting atv float from

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one side to the other i'm open four

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thank you luca we'd like to call upon

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hey luca

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the five senses

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shalom welcome on board

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that's a very good question and it

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actually it's part of the of the ongoing

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investigations that we do constantly on

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the space station

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uh there are some of the senses do not

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change so for example the attacked the

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tactile sensations are exactly the same

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uh we haven't had uh i personally or

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most people don't have any changing in

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hearing because most of the time we do

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wear hearing protection

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for taste

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um i i've heard a lot of people saying

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that because of the fluid shift

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our taste changes in that um we we we

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don't feel the salt as much so

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some people

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like to eat a little spicier here on

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board the station

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i know that my colleague karen she she

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likes the spicer food uh while she's up

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here i personally eat very bland food

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even when i'm on the ground so i haven't

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had any any need to do that

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um now one of the one of the senses um

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that certainly has

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has a lot of effect on us is that is the

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site

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and the reason there is a study ongoing

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right now which i am part uh to study

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how

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microgravity because of uh difference in

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pressure in the in the bulb

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so if you imagine that the ocular bulb

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is affected by pressure on the ground

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well when you come up here on the space

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station gravity uh

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is is also part of the pressure in in

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that it changes the application point uh

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that that when that changes also the the

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eye

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shape may change and and also the fluid

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shift may affect that so there are

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ongoing studies on how that affects uh

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astronauts either temporary or

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permanently and and that is certainly

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one of the most important the last one

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would be would be smell uh i don't think

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it changes i noticed that when uh

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we get very used uh right away to the

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different smells on board the station

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and we get saturated and when new cargo

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arrives maybe with even atv with the

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apples or or fresh fruit that the smell

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really

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is is an enticing

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is very is enticing as intriguing as it

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is on the ground it's it's wonderful to

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thank you luca germany we'd like to have

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hello luca

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thanks for having me

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my question is would you like to have a

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robot as a colleague on station

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and in what ways could such a robot be

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good enough and welcome on board

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that's a great question we do have a

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robot on board we have we have a couple

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uh we have a robonaut which is a

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prototype of a humanoid robot robot to

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help us

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on

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then we have uh two robot manipulator

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two

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uh robotic arms that we use to help us

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work so the answer to your question is

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uh in a way

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already we have robotic features with

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which we interface uh constantly uh i

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was on top of the of the canadarm2 while

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karen was flying the arm uh during my

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eva and also a couple of weeks ago only

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two weeks ago i used the robotic the the

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current arm the the robotic arm to

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capture a cygnus and before me karen

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captured htv so we already have the use

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of powerful instrument powerful robotic

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instrument to help us here on the space

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station now um robonaut

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is a great experiment very cool because

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he's trying to figure out how a humanoid

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robot can help us doing an eva

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eventually maybe taking our place

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well um the study is still ongoing i

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think that in the future we we will have

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a lot of interface with rob our robotic

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friends and

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a lot of people think that maybe they

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will replace us that's not true we we

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will just interface more interact more

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and we will be more integrated as a crew

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thank you luca i'd now like to call upon

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italy

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is the human role during the docking

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maneuver fundamental or are we ready for

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autonomous assembly in orbit

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that's uh benvenuto bordeaux

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there is a there is a great uh great

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question are we ready for autonomous

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assembly well in a way we um

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part of the space station was built in

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in an autonomous mode

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if you remember

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the first part of the space station

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zarya came up by itself and then node

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one was attached to zarya which is

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called uh more mostly known by fgb

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and then the sm arrived and assembled

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autonomously so we have done autonomous

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operations and the next the next part of

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the space station which will be

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assembled autonomously

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is

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called mlm a new research module uh on

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the russian segment so in a way

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i think we are moving towards we we have

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had that experience and we moved into a

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different direction where we we

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assembled uh the space station orbit i

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i don't know what the future will bring

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it's going to be

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it will be interesting to see uh what

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will be the next phase of assembling

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space but i think that the experience

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has shown that we can do both and in a

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way that is the best lesson learned is

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that uh there are advantages to one and

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advantages to the other and we can

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probably we can pick the operation the

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options according to what is most

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necessary at the future in the future

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when we build our next uh either our

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next spacecraft our next station our

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next uh

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orbiting point and uh and only only the

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future we'll see will tell what we're

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capable of doing but the answer to your

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question is yes i think we can do that

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thank you very much luca we'd now like

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to go back to israel israel your next

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hi luca

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and my question is

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what was what was the biggest challenge

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you have experienced during your time in

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wow

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great question great great question

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it's hard to answer because

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uh because i like challenges and so

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sometimes i don't see them

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i don't see them as a problem as a

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challenge i see that and something

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really cool that i really want to do

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certainly i i think that

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um

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probably the the the things that give us

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more satisfactions are also the most

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challenging and for me that that would

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be probably

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going through the training to qualify as

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a a a as a left seater on the soyuz

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spacecraft it was very challenging there

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were a lot of examples that i had to go

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through it took me the best the the

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better part of two years to qualify and

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then um

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you know getting getting on the rocket

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being launched was a fantastic

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experience but certainly very

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challenging

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and

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but uh maybe if i if i had to pick one

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that would say that would summarize the

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pickleball challenges here on the space

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station i think that that my eva not not

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necessarily the one that with the with

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the with the

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emergency but uh with the inconvenient

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uh but uh just in general in eva uh

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when you put it in term of of the uh

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amount of work and amount of preparation

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that you need in order to do an eva i

305
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think that would be that would be

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probably uh the biggest uh and strongest

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challenge and

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was i expecting it i think i was

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i spent

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over 120 hours underwater on earth

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preparing for the eva and uh

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pretty much the same in the same amount

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of hours in a simulator training to

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become the left seeder on the soyuz so i

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think that yes i i expected it to be a

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challenge i wanted it to be a challenge

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and i think i was ready and prepared for

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thank you luca we now go back to germany

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germany your next question please

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so hello so my question is what is for

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you the most impressive thing about the

322
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okay can you um can you say that again i

323
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i know that you you said something about

324
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yeah what is the most impressive thing

325
00:14:51,590 --> 00:14:49,670
okay copy i got it what

326
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what is the most impressive thing well

327
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let me tell you

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the iss

329
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just just just the fact that he's such

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an incredibly sized spacecraft is is

331
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incredibly impressive uh the sheer

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the sheer size and and the thought of

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the effort

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of all the humans that that had to work

335
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in order to assemble this incredibly

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technological laboratory orbiting around

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the earth i think just the thought is

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impressive and

339
00:15:24,949 --> 00:15:22,320
you know right now i'm in columbus

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straight in front of me about at least

341
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uh 25 feet meters away i see the airlock

342
00:15:32,470 --> 00:15:30,079
of the of the kibo module and i know

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that if i go to my left uh this is the

344
00:15:35,749 --> 00:15:34,079
direction of flight right now if i go to

345
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my left towards the outside of the space

346
00:15:41,509 --> 00:15:38,800
station i can fly for about two minutes

347
00:15:44,550 --> 00:15:41,519
slowly and i'm passing all the different

348
00:15:47,350 --> 00:15:44,560
modules 100 meters far back we still

349
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have uh space station it's it's the atv

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module all the way at the at the back of

351
00:15:54,150 --> 00:15:52,079
the other space station it's really

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really big and he flies at 400

353
00:15:59,990 --> 00:15:57,920
kilometers 28 000 kilometers an hour

354
00:16:02,470 --> 00:16:00,000
if that isn't impressive i really don't

355
00:16:03,509 --> 00:16:02,480
know what else could be impressive um

356
00:16:04,710 --> 00:16:03,519
however

357
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um

358
00:16:09,590 --> 00:16:06,959
if you want something that really really

359
00:16:12,150 --> 00:16:09,600
touched me uh deeply and and maybe

360
00:16:14,230 --> 00:16:12,160
changed me as a person uh that would be

361
00:16:16,230 --> 00:16:14,240
uh the cupola

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00:16:19,030 --> 00:16:16,240
uh when i when i first opened the

363
00:16:20,470 --> 00:16:19,040
windows or coupon on a sunrise it i

364
00:16:22,230 --> 00:16:20,480
thought that maybe the world had changed

365
00:16:24,069 --> 00:16:22,240
forever for me because it was an

366
00:16:27,350 --> 00:16:24,079
incredibly extraordinary moment and

367
00:16:29,509 --> 00:16:27,360
cupola is european technology uh

368
00:16:31,350 --> 00:16:29,519
probably one of the most beloved parts

369
00:16:32,550 --> 00:16:31,360
of the space station for all all the

370
00:16:34,629 --> 00:16:32,560
crew members

371
00:16:38,790 --> 00:16:34,639
from all the different countries over to

372
00:16:43,110 --> 00:16:40,870
thank you luca our time is getting short

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00:16:47,189 --> 00:16:43,120
we have just a few minutes left italy

374
00:16:53,189 --> 00:16:50,710
ciao luca i'd like to ask you from the

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00:16:55,509 --> 00:16:53,199
station keeping point of view attitude

376
00:16:58,629 --> 00:16:55,519
uh depletable checking

377
00:17:00,629 --> 00:16:58,639
power management and trusted maneuvers

378
00:17:03,430 --> 00:17:00,639
how much of it requires the human

379
00:17:05,829 --> 00:17:03,440
intervention and how much is devoted to

380
00:17:11,669 --> 00:17:05,839
onboard the automation and is that

381
00:17:15,510 --> 00:17:13,990
ciao beverly bordeaux there is a there

382
00:17:16,309 --> 00:17:15,520
is a great question what you guys are

383
00:17:18,150 --> 00:17:16,319
really

384
00:17:19,510 --> 00:17:18,160
you're giving me the greatest questions

385
00:17:21,270 --> 00:17:19,520
ever so

386
00:17:23,909 --> 00:17:21,280
um

387
00:17:25,669 --> 00:17:23,919
a lot of what we're talking about is uh

388
00:17:27,909 --> 00:17:25,679
there are different parts so for

389
00:17:31,270 --> 00:17:27,919
aptitude um

390
00:17:33,430 --> 00:17:31,280
attitude we have four huge

391
00:17:35,510 --> 00:17:33,440
gyros that keep the station attitude

392
00:17:37,110 --> 00:17:35,520
most the time and then when when they

393
00:17:39,750 --> 00:17:37,120
saturate and they can they cannot

394
00:17:41,590 --> 00:17:39,760
control anymore the space station

395
00:17:43,110 --> 00:17:41,600
we have an intervention from the engines

396
00:17:44,070 --> 00:17:43,120
to desaturate

397
00:17:45,430 --> 00:17:44,080
now

398
00:17:47,590 --> 00:17:45,440
that means that

399
00:17:49,669 --> 00:17:47,600
the normal orientation space station is

400
00:17:51,990 --> 00:17:49,679
kept automatically but then we need

401
00:17:55,110 --> 00:17:52,000
human intervention when when we need to

402
00:17:56,630 --> 00:17:55,120
do specific maneuvers like a

403
00:17:58,710 --> 00:17:56,640
debris avoidance maneuver or at the

404
00:18:00,789 --> 00:17:58,720
saturation

405
00:18:02,870 --> 00:18:00,799
some of those maneuvers actually happen

406
00:18:04,390 --> 00:18:02,880
on their own uh commanded by the the

407
00:18:07,830 --> 00:18:04,400
onboard system like a normal

408
00:18:09,510 --> 00:18:07,840
desaturation just happens on its own um

409
00:18:10,549 --> 00:18:09,520
but it's always supervised from the

410
00:18:14,230 --> 00:18:10,559
ground

411
00:18:16,310 --> 00:18:14,240
uh for power management so our solar

412
00:18:18,789 --> 00:18:16,320
arrays are fully automatic they track

413
00:18:20,789 --> 00:18:18,799
they track the sun they rotate

414
00:18:22,630 --> 00:18:20,799
following the sun in both in alpha and

415
00:18:25,270 --> 00:18:22,640
beta angle and

416
00:18:27,190 --> 00:18:25,280
that's a completely automated work

417
00:18:29,909 --> 00:18:27,200
however sometimes we need human

418
00:18:31,669 --> 00:18:29,919
intervention for uh for specific reasons

419
00:18:34,150 --> 00:18:31,679
for example when we when we change the

420
00:18:36,390 --> 00:18:34,160
orbit when we boost we need to put the

421
00:18:37,750 --> 00:18:36,400
the wings the solar arrays in special

422
00:18:40,230 --> 00:18:37,760
configurations so that they are

423
00:18:42,390 --> 00:18:40,240
protected so again there is a lot of

424
00:18:44,310 --> 00:18:42,400
inte there is a lot of supervised

425
00:18:45,990 --> 00:18:44,320
supervision and integration from the

426
00:18:49,909 --> 00:18:46,000
ground

427
00:18:53,830 --> 00:18:52,150
so for for the power management you know

428
00:18:56,549 --> 00:18:53,840
also how um

429
00:18:58,150 --> 00:18:56,559
how the systems are performing

430
00:19:00,230 --> 00:18:58,160
everything the space station is

431
00:19:01,909 --> 00:19:00,240
automatic in that it checks

432
00:19:04,150 --> 00:19:01,919
constantly what is the status of the

433
00:19:06,630 --> 00:19:04,160
space station in terms of safety in

434
00:19:08,549 --> 00:19:06,640
terms of the security but from the

435
00:19:10,390 --> 00:19:08,559
ground they also have the telemetry and

436
00:19:13,110 --> 00:19:10,400
they can pick up a lot of those signals

437
00:19:15,430 --> 00:19:13,120
even before the space station can so um

438
00:19:17,909 --> 00:19:15,440
to answer your question in few

439
00:19:19,110 --> 00:19:17,919
dirty words the space station is mostly

440
00:19:22,230 --> 00:19:19,120
automated

441
00:19:23,830 --> 00:19:22,240
however we feel a lot more secure and we

442
00:19:25,110 --> 00:19:23,840
have this fuzzy for warm feeling because

443
00:19:27,190 --> 00:19:25,120
we know that on the ground there are a

444
00:19:28,710 --> 00:19:27,200
lot of people that can take over and are

445
00:19:34,310 --> 00:19:28,720
watching us and are monitoring us and

446
00:19:38,630 --> 00:19:36,549
thank you so much luca we heard we only

447
00:19:40,710 --> 00:19:38,640
have 30 seconds left so that was the

448
00:19:42,789 --> 00:19:40,720
last question we'd like to give you the

449
00:19:45,110 --> 00:19:42,799
chance to say goodbye to everyone in

450
00:19:50,070 --> 00:19:45,120
israel germany and italy thank you for

451
00:19:52,390 --> 00:19:51,669
thank you so much for coming on board

452
00:19:55,110 --> 00:19:52,400
today

453
00:19:57,669 --> 00:19:55,120
it was such a such a pleasure such

454
00:20:00,710 --> 00:19:57,679
intelligence good questions from israel

455
00:20:03,430 --> 00:20:00,720
from germany from italy uh three three

456
00:20:06,310 --> 00:20:03,440
good great countries that cooperate and

457
00:20:07,669 --> 00:20:06,320
do fantastic work together you students

458
00:20:09,110 --> 00:20:07,679
are the future

459
00:20:10,630 --> 00:20:09,120
thank you for coming on board today

460
00:20:12,149 --> 00:20:10,640
thank you for listening to my answers

461
00:20:13,830 --> 00:20:12,159
and thank you for asking those questions

462
00:20:33,190 --> 00:20:13,840
thank you very much and i'll see you

463
00:20:37,590 --> 00:20:35,029
station this is houston acr that

464
00:20:39,510 --> 00:20:37,600
concludes the event thank you

465
00:20:41,110 --> 00:20:39,520
thank you eastern students station we